What Parents Need to Know About Youth Gambling

by Susan Sheridan Tucker

Gambling may not be the first risk that comes to mind when parents think about threats to their children’s well-being. Concerns such as alcohol, vaping or drug use often top the list. Yet youth gambling is a growing public health issue that often flies under the radar. While it may look harmless compared to other risky behaviors, gambling can become addictive, and the earlier a young person starts gambling, the greater their risk for addiction.

Youth gambling includes more than betting on sports or playing cards for money. Today’s teens encounter gambling-like activities in places that feel fun and familiar, especially within video games and online entertainment. This makes prevention more complex, but also more important.

Although gambling is legally restricted to adults, underage gambling is more common than many parents assume. According to the Minnesota Student Survey, 30 percent of middle and high school students reported gambling in the previous year. It’s estimated that more than 7,100 high school students show signs consistent with gambling disorder.

These numbers matter because the consequences can be serious. Teens experiencing gambling problems may struggle emotionally, socially and academically. They might withdraw from friends, lose interest in activities, feel anxious or irritable when they aren’t gambling or take bigger risks to keep playing. Problem gambling is linked to both mental and physical health challenges and can create strain within families.

There’s also a developmental reason youth are more vulnerable. Research on brain development shows the frontal lobe, the region responsible for decision-making and impulse control, doesn’t fully mature until around age 25. This means teens are naturally more likely to make impulsive choices and less likely to weigh long-term consequences, especially when activities feel exciting or competitive. This reinforces why gambling is restricted to adults and highlights the importance of early prevention.

Parents might assume their children would never gamble because they don’t visit casinos or buy lottery tickets. But gambling-like experiences are increasingly common in video games, apps and online platforms, and they’re reaching children at younger ages than ever.

Loot boxes are one example. These digital grab bags allow players to pay for access to unknown items, such as weapons or character outfits. Although they appear harmless, loot boxes meet the definition of gambling: they involve chance, a prize and something of value given up in exchange. Studies from the U.K. Gaming Commission found that nearly one-third of youth ages 11 to 16 had paid to open loot boxes. Research also shows a link between the amount of money spent on loot boxes and the severity of later gambling problems.

Even “free” games that mimic slot machines or casino-style play can normalize gambling. Social casino games, which use virtual currency rather than real money, can act as training grounds for future gambling behavior because they look and feel like real gambling but don’t carry the same consequences. These games are widely accessible and typically unregulated.

Another trend is wagering on video game outcomes or esports. For teens who already spend significant time gaming, these activities can make gambling feel like a natural extension of play rather than a risky behavior.

Today’s teens are the first generation to grow up with constant access to electronic gambling, whether through simulated gambling apps, online casinos or video slots. Electronic gambling tends to be more addictive than traditional forms for several reasons. Games move quickly, players can spend money instantly and the activity often takes place in isolation. Many platforms also operate outside regulatory oversight, meaning they may use design features intended to keep players engaged for longer periods.

Youth rarely recognize these risks on their own. In many cases, they don’t think of what they’re doing as gambling, especially when no real money is involved. But over time, these experiences can normalize gambling and increase the likelihood of problems later.

The good news is that prevention efforts can make a meaningful difference. Parents and caring adults play a powerful role in helping youth understand risks and build healthy habits.

Start the conversation early. Talk about gambling the same way you discuss alcohol or other risky behaviors. Explain what gambling is, including how it may show up in games and apps.

Ask about their games. Take an interest in what your child plays. Ask whether their games include loot boxes, social casino features or opportunities to spend money for randomized rewards. Discuss why these features can be risky.

Set clear expectations. Establish family rules around spending money on games. Consider disabling in-app purchases or requiring permission before any digital spending.

Watch for changes. Signs of problem gambling can include secrecy, declining grades, mood swings, asking for money, skipping activities or becoming preoccupied with gaming or betting.

Encourage balance. Promote a healthy mix of offline activities. Youth who feel connected and supported are less likely to turn to risky behaviors.

Stay informed. Gambling platforms evolve quickly. Keeping up with trends—especially those involving gaming—helps parents respond proactively.

By understanding how gambling appears in today’s digital landscape and talking openly with young people, parents and guardians can help prevent harm before it starts. With awareness, boundaries and ongoing conversations, families can create an environment where youth feel supported in making healthy choices, now and into adulthood. n